Part 2 - .htaccess 命令
Introduction 介绍
In the last part I introduced you to .htaccess and some of its useful features. In this part I will show you how to use the .htaccess file to implement some of these.
在上一部分，我已经简单介绍了.htaccess以及它的一些有用功能，在这一部分，我将向你演示如何使用.htaccess文档去实现这些功能。
Stop A Directory Index From Being Shown 停示显示目录列表
Sometimes, for one reason or another, you will have no index file in your directory. This will, of course, mean that if someone types the directory name into their browser, a full listing of all the files in that directory will be shown. This could be a security risk for your site.
有些时候，由于某种原因，你的目录里没有index文件，这意味着当有人在浏览器地址栏键入了该目录的路径，该目录下所有的文件都会显示出来，这会给你的网站留下安全隐患。
To prevent against this (without creating lots of new 'index' files, you can enter a command into your .htaccess file to stop the directory list from being shown:
为避免这种情况（而不必创建一堆的新index文件），你可以在你的.htaccess文档中键入以下命令，用以阻止目录列表的显示：
Options -Indexes
Deny/Allow Certian IP Addresses 阻止/允许特定的IP地址
In some situations, you may want to only allow people with specific IP addresses to access your site (for example, only allowing people using a particular ISP to get into a certian directory) or you may want to ban certian IP addresses (for example, keeping disruptive memembers out of your message boards). Of course, this will only work if you know the IP addresses you want to ban and, as most people on the internet now have a dynamic IP address, so this is not always the best way to limit usage.
某些情况下，你可能只想允许某些特定IP的用户可以访问你的网站（例如：只允许使用特定ISP的用户进入某个目录），或者想封禁某些特定的IP地址（例如：将低级用户隔离于你的信息版面外）。当然，这只在你知道你想拦截的IP地址时才有用，然而现在网上的大多数用户都使用动态IP地址，所以这并不是限制使用的常用方法。
You can block an IP address by using:
你可以使用以下命令封禁一个IP地址：
deny from 000.000.000.000
where 000.000.000.000 is the IP address. If you only specify 1 or 2 of the groups of numbers, you will block a whole range.
这里的000.000.000.000是被封禁的IP地址，如果你只指明了其中的几个，则可以封禁整个网段的地址。如你输入210.10.56.，则将封禁210.10.56.0～210.10.56.255的所有IP地址。
You can allow an IP address by using:
你可以使用以下命令允许一个IP地址访问网站：
allow from 000.000.000.000
where 000.000.000.000 is the IP address. If you only specify 1 or 2 of the groups of numbers, you will allow a whole range.
被允许的IP地址则为000.000.000.000，你可以象封禁IP地址一样封禁整个网段。
If you want to deny everyone from accessing a directory, you can use:
如果你想阻止所有人访问该目录，则可以使用：
deny from all
but this will still allow scripts to use the files in the directory.
不过这并不影响脚本程序使用这个目录下的文档。
Alternative Index Files 替换index文件
You may not always want to use index.htm or index.html as your index file for a directory, for example if you are using PHP files in your site, you may want index.php to be the index file for a directory. You are not limited to 'index' files though. Using .htaccess you can set foofoo.blah to be your index file if you want to!
也许你不想一直使用index.htm或index.html作为目录的索引文件。举例来说，如果你的站点使用PHP文件，你可能会想使用index.php来作为该目录的索引文档。当然也不必局限于“index”文档，如果你愿意，使用.htaccess你甚至能够设置foofoo.balh来作为你的索引文档！
Alternate index files are entered in a list. The server will work from left to right, checking to see if each file exists, if none of them exisit it will display a directory listing (unless, of course, you have turned this off).
这些互为替换的索引文件可以排成一个列表，服务器会从左至右进行寻找，检查哪个文档在真实的目录中存在。如果一个也找不到，它将会把目录列表显示出来（除非你已经关闭了显示目录文件列表）。
DirectoryIndex index.php index.php3 messagebrd.pl index.html index.htm
Redirection 重定向
One of the most useful functions of the .htaccess file is to redirect requests to different files, either on the same server, or on a completely different web site. It can be extremely useful if you change the name of one of your files but allow users to still find it. Another use (which I find very useful) is to redirect to a longer URL, for example in my newsletters I can use a very short URL for my affiliate links. The following can be done to redirect a specific file:
.htaccess最有用的功能之一就是将请求重定向到同站内或站外的不同文档。这在你改变了一个文件名称，但仍然想让用户用旧地址访问到它时，变的极为有用。另一个应用（我发现的很有用的）是重定向到一个长URL，例如在我的时事通讯中，我可以使用一个很简短的URL来指向我的会员链接。以下是一个重定向文件的例子：
Redirect /location/from/root/file.ext
http://www.othersite.com/new/file/location.xyz
In this above example, a file in the root directory called oldfile.html would be entered as:
上述例子中，访问在root目录下的名为oldfile.html可以键入：
/oldfile.html
and a file in the old subdirectory would be entered as:
访问一个旧次级目录中的文件可以键入：
/old/oldfile.html
You can also redirect whole directoires of your site using the .htaccess file, for example if you had a directory called olddirectory on your site and you had set up the same files on a new site at:
http://www.newsite.com/newdirectory/ you could redirect all the files in that directory without having to specify each one:
你也可以使用.htaccess重定向整个网站的目录。假如你的网站上有一个名为olddirectory的目录，并且你已经在一个新网站
http://www.newsite.com/newdirectory/上建立了与上相同的文档，你可以将旧目录下所有的文件做一次重定向而不必一一声明：
Redirect /olddirectory http://www.newsite.com/newdirectory
Then, any request to your site below /olddirectory will bee redirected to the new site, with the
extra information in the URL added on, for example if someone typed in:
这样，任何指向到站点中/olddirectory目录的请求都将被重新指向新的站点，包括附加的额外URL信息。例如有人键入：
http://www.youroldsite.com/olddirecotry/oldfiles/images/image.gif
They would be redirected to:
请求将被重定向到：
http://www.newsite.com/newdirectory/oldfiles/images/image.gif
This can prove to be extremely powerful if used correctly.
如果正确使用，此功能将极其强大。
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